Puntos de vista desde cada router en OSPF multiárea
Fecha: 5 y 6 de
septiembre del 2023
Escenario
Este es un laboratorio de OSPF multiárea
supuestamente simple, con dos ABR y redes LAN publicadas
en ambas areas, se analiza el punto de vista
dependiendo del router en el que nos paremos, y también
por qué las vemos de tal o cual manera
(intra-area o inter-area).
Se realizó en Packet Tracer y tuvo algún
comportamiento digamos…raro.
1.- Verificación previa:
1.1.- Routers de borde:
Router-A#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.13 [1] via 192.168.0.2,
GigabitEthernet1/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 1 (router ABR-1)
i 192.168.0.17 [2] via 192.168.0.2,
GigabitEthernet1/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 2 (router ABR-2)
Router-A#
ABR-1#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.17 [1] via 192.168.0.14,
GigabitEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 1 (router ABR-2)
ABR-1#
Router-B#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.13 [1] via 192.168.0.5,
GigabitEthernet2/0, ABR, Area 1, SPF 1 (router ABR-1)
Router-B#
Router-C#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.13 [2] via 192.168.0.9,
GigabitEthernet1/0, ABR, Area 1, SPF 2 (router ABR-1)
Router-C#
ABR-2#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.13 [1] via 192.168.0.13,
GigabitEthernet0/0, ABR, Area 0, SPF 1 (router ABR-1)
ABR-2#
Router-D#sh ip ospf border-routers
OSPF Process 1 internal Routing Table
Codes: i - Intra-area route, I - Inter-area route
i 192.168.0.17 [1] via 192.168.0.17,
GigabitEthernet1/0, ABR, Area 1, SPF 1 (router ABR-2)
Router-D#
2.- Punto de vista de las
redes desde cada router:
2.1. Del Router-A:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que todas
las redes LAN OSPF son inter-area ya que el tiene la única en el area 0.
Router-A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C
10.0.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
10.1.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.2, 00:14:07, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-B, via ABR-1 LSA
tipo 3)
O IA
10.1.2.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.2, 00:14:07, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-C, via ABR-1 LSA
tipo 3)
O IA
10.1.3.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.2, 00:03:42, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-D, via ABR-1 LSA
tipo 3)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
C
192.168.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.2, 00:14:07,
GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.2, 00:14:07,
GigabitEthernet1/0
O 192.168.0.12 [110/2] via 192.168.0.2,
00:10:07, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.16 [110/3] via 192.168.0.2,
00:03:42, GigabitEthernet1/0
Router-A#
2.2. Del router ABR-1:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que las
redes del area 1 aprendidas via el Router-B son intra-area ya que el mismo
tiene presencia en el area 1, pero la red
10.1.3.0/24 aprendida desde ABR-2 llega en un LSA tipo 3 como resumen, y por
lo tanto la ve como una red inter-area.
ABR-1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
10.0.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.1, 00:14:47, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-A)
O
10.1.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6, 00:14:42, GigabitEthernet2/0 (red de Router-B)
O 10.1.2.0
[110/3] via 192.168.0.6, 00:14:42, GigabitEthernet2/0 (red de Router-C)
O IA
10.1.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.14, 00:04:12, GigabitEthernet0/0 (red de Router-D, via ABR-2, LSA
tipo 3)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
C
192.168.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.4 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6, 00:14:42, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.12 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.0.16
[110/2] via 192.168.0.14, 00:04:12, GigabitEthernet0/0
ABR-1#
2.3. Del Router-B:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que las
redes aprendidas desde ABR-1 las ve como inter-area ya que llegan via
LSA tipo 3, incluída la red del Router-D que
aunque sea del area 1 la verá como inter-area. La red del Router-C está
dentro del area 1 por lo tanto no hay nada que
interpretar.
Router-B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24
is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.5, 00:15:18, GigabitEthernet2/0 (red
de Router-A, via ABR-1, LSA tipo 3)
C
10.1.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.10, 00:15:28, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-C, via Router-C,
LSA tipo 1)
O IA
10.1.3.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.5, 00:04:48, GigabitEthernet2/0 (red
de Router-D, via ABR-1, LSA tipo 3)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:15:18, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.4 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.12
[110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:15:18, GigabitEthernet2/0
O IA 192.168.0.16
[110/3] via 192.168.0.5, 00:04:48, GigabitEthernet2/0
Router-B#
2.4. Del Router-C:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que la red
10.1.1.0/24 la aprende de Router-B dentro del area 1 y todas las otras
redes son anunciadas via LSA tipo 3 desde el ABR
y luego por Router-B, por lo tanto las ve como inter-area, incluída la
red 10.1.3.0/24 del Router-D, que aunque sea del
area 1 la verá como inter-area.
Router-C#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.9, 00:15:47, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-A, via Router-B,
LSA tipo 3)
O 10.1.1.0
[110/2] via 192.168.0.9, 00:15:57, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-B, LSA tipo 1)
C
10.1.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
10.1.3.0 [110/5] via 192.168.0.9, 00:05:17, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-D, via Router-B,
LSA tipo 3)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:15:47, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.9, 00:15:47, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:15:47, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.16 [110/4] via 192.168.0.9, 00:05:17, GigabitEthernet1/0
Router-C#
2.5. Del router ABR-2:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que la red
del area 1 aprendida via el Router-D es intra-area ya que el mismo
tiene presencia en el area 1, pero las redes
10.1.1.0 y 10.1.2.0/24 aprendidas desde ABR-1 llegan en LSAs tipo 3,
y por lo tanto las ve como redes inter-area.
La red del Router-A esta dentro del area 0 por lo
tanto no hay nada que interpretar.
ABR-2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0 (red de Router-A, LSA tipo 1)
O IA
10.1.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0 (red de Router-B, via ABR-1, LSA
tipo 3)
O IA
10.1.2.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0 (red de Router-C, via ABR-1, LSA
tipo 3)
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:05:52, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-D, LSA tipo 1)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:12:57, GigabitEthernet0/0
C
192.168.0.12 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
ABR-2#
2.6. Del Router-D:
Desde este router, la perspectiva es que
Router-D#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 10.0.1.0
[110/4] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-A, via ABR-2, LSA
tipo 3)
O IA
10.1.1.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-B, via ABR-2, LSA
tipo 3)
O IA
10.1.2.0 [110/5] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0 (red de Router-C, via ABR-2, LSA
tipo 3)
C
10.1.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.4 [110/3] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.8 [110/4] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/2] via 192.168.0.17, 00:06:25, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
Router-D#
3.- Se agrega un vinculo
entre Router-B y Router-D:
De esta manera la topología converge de manera totalmente diferente,
veremos por qué.
Router-B#
00:04:09: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.22 on
GigabitEthernet3/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
Router-B#
Router-D#
00:04:09: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.21 on
GigabitEthernet2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
Router-D#
3.1.- Punto de vista del router ABR-1:
ABR-1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP
external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type
1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,
E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS
level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U -
per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded
static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4
subnets
O 10.0.1.0 [110/2] via
192.168.0.1, 00:04:46, GigabitEthernet1/0
O 10.1.1.0 [110/2] via
192.168.0.6, 00:04:36, GigabitEthernet2/0
O 10.1.2.0 [110/3] via
192.168.0.6, 00:04:36, GigabitEthernet2/0
O IA 10.1.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.14, 00:04:46,
GigabitEthernet0/0 (esto está mal, via
ABR-2)
[110/3] via
192.168.0.6, 00:01:27, GigabitEthernet2/0
(via Router-B)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6
subnets
C 192.168.0.0 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C 192.168.0.4 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
O 192.168.0.8 [110/2] via
192.168.0.6, 00:04:36, GigabitEthernet2/0
C 192.168.0.12 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.0.16 [110/2] via
192.168.0.14, 00:04:46, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.0.20 [110/2] via
192.168.0.6, 00:01:27, GigabitEthernet2/0
ABR-1#
3.2.- Reiniciamos el proceso OSPF en ABR-1:
ABR-1#clear ip ospf proc
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes
ABR-1#
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.1 on
GigabitEthernet1/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.1 on
GigabitEthernet1/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.17 on
GigabitEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.17 on
GigabitEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.21 on
GigabitEthernet2/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset
00:05:47: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.21 on
GigabitEthernet2/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
00:05:50: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.17 on
GigabitEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
00:05:50: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.21 on
GigabitEthernet2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
00:05:55: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.0.1 on
GigabitEthernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
3.3.- Verificamos nuevamente en ABR-1:
ABR-1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP
external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type
1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,
E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1,
L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U -
per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded
static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4
subnets
O 10.0.1.0 [110/2] via
192.168.0.1, 00:00:03, GigabitEthernet1/0
O 10.1.1.0 [110/2] via
192.168.0.6, 00:05:03, GigabitEthernet2/0
O 10.1.2.0 [110/3] via
192.168.0.6, 00:05:03, GigabitEthernet2/0
O IA 10.1.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.14, 00:05:13,
GigabitEthernet0/0 (via ABR-2, sigue el
bug)
[110/3] via
192.168.0.6, 00:01:54, GigabitEthernet2/0
(via Router-B)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6
subnets
C 192.168.0.0 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C 192.168.0.4 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
O 192.168.0.8 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6,
00:05:03, GigabitEthernet2/0
C 192.168.0.12 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 192.168.0.16 [110/2] via
192.168.0.14, 00:05:13, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 192.168.0.20 [110/2] via
192.168.0.6, 00:01:54, GigabitEthernet2/0
ABR-1#
3.4.- Se reinician todos los equipos:
3.5.- Punto de vista del Router-A:
Router-A#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP
external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type
1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1,
E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS
level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U -
per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded
static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4
subnets
C 10.0.1.0 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 10.1.1.0 [110/3] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via ABR-1 /
Router-B)
O IA 10.1.2.0 [110/4] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via ABR-1 /
Router-B / Router-D)
O IA 10.1.3.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.2, 00:11:05,
GigabitEthernet1/0 (via ABR-1 y luego via ABR-2 /
Router-D y/o via Router-B / Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6
subnets
C 192.168.0.0 is directly
connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.4 [110/2] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.8 [110/3] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
O 192.168.0.12 [110/2] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:15, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.16 [110/3] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 192.168.0.20 [110/3] via
192.168.0.2, 00:11:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
Router-A#
3.6.- Punto de vista del router ABR-1:
ABR-1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
10.0.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.1, 00:04:17, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
10.1.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0 (via Router-B)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
C
192.168.0.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.4 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.12 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
192.168.0.16 [110/3] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.6, 00:04:07, GigabitEthernet2/0
ABR-1#
3.7.- Punto de vista del router ABR-2:
ABR-2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA 10.1.1.0 [110/3] via
192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0 (via ABR-1)
[110/3] via
192.168.0.18, 00:09:50, GigabitEthernet1/0 (no inter-area, via Router-D)
O IA 10.1.2.0 [110/4] via
192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0 (via ABR-1)
[110/4] via
192.168.0.18, 00:09:50, GigabitEthernet1/0 (no inter-area, via Router-D)
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:10:05, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via
Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0
O IA
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:09:55, GigabitEthernet0/0
[110/3] via
192.168.0.18, 00:09:50, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.12 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:10:05, GigabitEthernet1/0
ABR-2#
3.7.1.- Cerramos Packet
Tracer y volvimos a ejecutar el escenario:
ABR-2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.13, 00:00:10, GigabitEthernet0/0
O 10.1.1.0 [110/3] via
192.168.0.18, 00:00:15, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via Router-D)
O 10.1.2.0 [110/4] via
192.168.0.18, 00:00:15, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via Router-D)
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:15, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.13, 00:00:06, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:01, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:01, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.12 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:01, GigabitEthernet1/0
ABR-2#
3.8.- Punto de vista del
Router-B:
Router-B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.5, 00:04:05, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
10.1.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.10, 00:04:15, GigabitEthernet1/0
O 10.1.3.0 [110/2] via
192.168.0.22, 00:04:15, GigabitEthernet3/0 (antes O IA
via ABR-1 ahora via Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:04:05, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.4 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:04:05, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.16 [110/2] via 192.168.0.22, 00:04:15, GigabitEthernet3/0
C
192.168.0.20 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet3/0
Router-B#
3.9.- Punto de vista del
Router-C:
Router-C#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
10.1.2.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
10.1.3.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0 (antes O IA via ABR-1 / Router-B, ahora via Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.16 [110/3] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.9, 00:04:30, GigabitEthernet1/0
Router-C#
3.10.- Punto de vista del
Router-D:
Router-D#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 10.0.1.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:44, GigabitEthernet2/0 (via Router-B / ABR-1 / Router-A)
[110/4] via 192.168.0.17, 00:04:34, GigabitEthernet1/0 (via ABR-2 / ABR-1 / Router-A)
O
10.1.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:54, GigabitEthernet2/0 (antes O IA via ABR-2 ahora via Router-B)
O
10.1.2.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:54, GigabitEthernet2/0 (antes O IA via ABR-2 ahora via Router-B)
C
10.1.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:44, GigabitEthernet2/0
[110/3] via 192.168.0.17,
00:04:44, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:54, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:04:54, GigabitEthernet2/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/2] via 192.168.0.17, 00:04:44, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.20 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
Router-D#
3.11.- Diagrama de la
convergencia:
Se marcan los cambios en negrita para visualizar
como “se acomodaron” las redes luego de interconectar
ambos segmentos del area 1 dejando de ser O IA a
O a secas.
4.- Detalles sobre la
elección de rutas OSPF:
4.1.- Estudiando para
este laboratorio, me encontré con estos tips:
4.2.- Vamos a probar
el Step 1: le subimos la métrica al enlace Router-B /
Router-D y debería seguir eligiéndolo
via Router-D como O intra-area y no inter-area
via ABR-1 / ABR-2 / Router-D.
Router-B#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router-B(config)#interface GigabitEthernet3/0
Router-B(config-if)#ip ospf cost 10
Router-B(config-if)#end
Router-B#
Router-D#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router-D(config)#interface GigabitEthernet2/0
Router-D(config-if)#ip ospf cost 10
Router-D(config-if)#end
Router-D#
4.3.- Verificamos:
Router-B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.5, 00:02:46, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
10.1.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.10, 00:02:46, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA 10.1.3.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.5,
00:00:29, GigabitEthernet2/0 (lo elige via ABR-1 / ABR-2 / Router-D)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:02:46, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.4 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/2] via 192.168.0.5, 00:02:46, GigabitEthernet2/0
O IA
192.168.0.16 [110/3] via 192.168.0.5, 00:00:29, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.20 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet3/0
Router-B#
4.4.- Bajamos el enlace
ABR-1 / Router-B para verificar la métrica OSPF:
ABR-1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ABR-1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet2/0
ABR-1(config-if)#shutdown
ABR-1(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet2/0,
changed state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
GigabitEthernet2/0, changed state to down
00:04:51: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.21 on GigabitEthernet2/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface
down or detached
ABR-1(config-if)#
Router-B#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
GigabitEthernet2/0, changed state to down
00:04:51: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.13 on GigabitEthernet2/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface
down or detached
Router-B#
4.5.- Verificamos:
Router-B#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP,
EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA
10.0.1.0 [110/14] via 192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
C
10.1.1.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.10, 00:03:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
O 10.1.3.0 [110/11] via
192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0 (subió el
costo, como todo en Argentina)
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 6 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/13] via 192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
O IA
192.168.0.4 [110/13] via 192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
C
192.168.0.8 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O IA
192.168.0.12 [110/12] via 192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
O
192.168.0.16 [110/11] via 192.168.0.22, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet3/0
C
192.168.0.20 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet3/0
Router-B#
4.6.- A tener en cuenta:
When a network is learned as an intra-area route and an inter-area route, the best route is not determined by cost.
The intra-area route always takes
precedence.
Determining the best route by cost is only
possible for OSPF routes of the same type.
For OSPF routes of different types, the
priority is determined regardless of the path cost.
The priority order by OSPF route type is as
follows:
4.6.1.- The longest
match:- The longest match is always preferred inside Cisco and almost all
vendor devices, no matter what.
4.6.2.- Most to least
preferred path type :
Intra-Area (O) Intra-area
routes are local to an area and are always preferred the most.
Inter-Area (O IA) Then comes Inter-area routes, which are
routes between two OSPF areas and within the OSPF AS (Autonomous system).
External Type 1 (E1) Then comes
routes to external destination. E1 takes External costs + internal costs both
into consideration.
NSSA Type 1 (N1) Then comes N1.
External Type 2 (E2) Then comes E2,
which is also an external route to external destinations.
Although, unlike E1, it only considers external
costs to the destination. The default classification for OSPF external routes
is E2.
NSSA Type 2 (N2) –> Then
comes N2.
4.6.3.- Then comes the
OSPF cost, and OSPF uses the lowest cost metric to decide the best routes,for
example,
between two O IA (Inter-Area routes), unless
equal-cost paths exist.
4.7.- Resumen: para tener en
cuenta, a Packet Tracert no le interesa en absoluto cumplir con estas
reglas.
5.- Una última prueba:
Prentendemos aislar ambos ABR y que el router ABR-2
quede solo con una inteface en el area 1, ¿que sucedería?
¿aprende 10.0.1.0/24 (area 0) de la misma manera
que Router-D (O IA), teniendo presencia sólo en el area 1?
¿no la aprende?
Vamos y vemos….
5.1.- Simulamos corte:
ABR-1#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ABR(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ABR(config-if)#shutdown
ABR(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed
state to administratively down
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface
GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to down
00:01:42: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.17 on GigabitEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface
down or detached
ABR(config-if)#
5.2.- Verificamos en
Router-D:
Router-D#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP,
EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 10.0.1.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.21,
00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0 (via Router-B / ABR-1 /
Router-A)
O
10.1.1.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.21, 00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
10.1.3.0 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA
192.168.0.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.21, 00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/2] via 192.168.0.21, 00:03:00, GigabitEthernet2/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.20 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet2/0
Router-D#
5.3.- Verificamos en ABR-2:
ABR-2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets (no existe la ruta
10.0.1.0/24)
O
10.1.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets (no existe la ruta
192.168.0.0/30 entre Rourter-A y ABR-1, también de area 0)
O
192.168.0.4 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:01:48, GigabitEthernet1/0
ABR-2#
5.4.- Resumen de esta
prueba:
a-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque no
tenga interfaces activas en ella.
b-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque le
ejecutemos un clear ip ospf process
c-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque
hagamos un reload general de equipos.
d-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque
cerremos Packet Tracer y corramos el escenario nuevamente.
e-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque le
eliminemos la red 192.168.0.16/30 del area 0.
f-
El router sigue perteneciendo al area 0 aunque le
ejecutemos otro clear ip ospf process luego de lo anterior.
g-
El router deja de pertenecer al area 0 si lo
reiniciamos luego del punto e-
Veamos:
ABR-2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
ABR-2(config)#router ospf 1
ABR-2(config-router)#no network 192.168.0.12
0.0.0.3 area 0 (punto e del resumen)
ABR-2(config-router)#end
ABR-2#
ABR-2#clear ip ospf process (punto f del resumen)
Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes
ABR-2#
00:03:03: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.22 on GigabitEthernet1/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency
forced to reset
00:03:03: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.22 on GigabitEthernet1/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface
down or detached
00:03:10: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.22 on GigabitEthernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
ABR-2#
ABR-2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
O
10.1.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O
192.168.0.4 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:02:58, GigabitEthernet1/0
ABR-2#
ABR-2#write mem
Building configuration...
[OK]
ABR-2#
ABR-2#reload (punto
g del resumen)
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
System Bootstrap, Version 12.1(3r)T2, RELEASE
SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Initializing memory for ECC
..
PT1000 processor with 524288 Kbytes of main
memory
Main memory is configured to 64 bit mode with ECC
enabled
Readonly ROMMON initialized
Self decompressing the image :
##########################################################################
[OK]
---resumido---
Press RETURN to get started!
00:00:50: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr
192.168.0.22 on GigabitEthernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
ABR-2>sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R -
RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D -
EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 -
OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 -
OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i -
IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* -
candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P -
periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O IA 10.0.1.0 [110/5] via
192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.1.0 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.2.0 [110/4] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
10.1.3.0 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 5 subnets
O IA 192.168.0.0
[110/4] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.4 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.8 [110/3] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
C
192.168.0.16 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet1/0
O
192.168.0.20 [110/2] via 192.168.0.18, 00:00:32, GigabitEthernet1/0
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